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            "description": "Comic book by two University of California at Davis law professors that tells the story of exclusion challenger Fred Korematsu through the eyes of a young Muslim American girl in post-9/11 America.",
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                "Patriotism – positive side or complications",
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            "title": "Am I a Traitor? (short story)",
            "description": "Essay by\n  \n   Issei\n  \n  socialist journalist Shigeki Oka (1878–1959) focusing on his decision to aid the Allies and oppose the Japanese militarist regime during World War II. Oka begins by describing the situation prior to the war, where Japanese American leaders dismissed the possibility of war between the U.S. and Japan. While preparing a translation of Hitler's anti-Japanese writings to be distributed in Japan, the\n  \n   attack on Pearl Harbor\n  \n  occurs. Oka sends a telegram to President Roosevelt offering his services and expresses the desire that Japan lose the war as quickly as possible so that its militarist regime would be brought down; these actions lead to members of the Japanese American community branding him a traitor. He later volunteers to go to India despite his advanced age to write and distribute propaganda for the U.S. After the war, the Japanese community continues to shun him despite the fact that the events of the war, in his opinion, have proved the rightness of his actions.",
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            "rg_theme": [
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                "Nationalism – complications",
                "Patriotism – positive side or complications"
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            "id": "The Harvest of Hate (book)",
            "model": "article",
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            "description": "Novel focusing on one Japanese American family's forced removal and incarceration written by a former teacher at\n  \n   Poston\n  \n  . Originally written in 1946,\n  \n   The Harvest of Hate\n  \n  first saw publication forty years later.",
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                "Arts"
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            "rg_theme": [
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                "Family – blessing or curse",
                "Loss of innocence",
                "Patriotism – positive side or complications"
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            "title": "Uprooted: The Japanese American Experience during World War II (book)",
            "description": "Acclaimed overview work on the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans by professional historian and prolific children's book author Albert Marrin.",
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                "Evils of racism",
                "Hazards of passing judgment",
                "Injustice",
                "Patriotism – positive side or complications"
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            "id": "Valley of the Heart (play)",
            "model": "article",
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            "links": {
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            "title": "Valley of the Heart (play)",
            "description": "Play by Luis Valdez centered on two farm families—one Japanese American and one Mexican American—in Cupertino, California, during World War II.",
            "url_title": "Valley of the Heart (play)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
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            "rg_rgmediatype": [
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
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                "Adult"
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            "rg_genre": [
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                "History"
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            "rg_theme": [
                "Change versus tradition",
                "Everlasting love",
                "Family – blessing or curse",
                "Love and sacrifice",
                "Patriotism – positive side or complications"
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            "title": "The Tragic History of the Japanese-American Internment Camps (book)",
            "description": "Overview work on the Japanese American wartime removal and incarceration for middle school audiences that is part of Enslow Publishers' \"From Many Cultures, One History\" series.",
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                "Hazards of passing judgment",
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            "id": "Two Homelands (book)",
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            "title": "Two Homelands (book)",
            "description": "Epic three volume novel by best-selling Japanese novelist Toyoko Yamasaki that centers on the identity dilemmas of a\n  \n   Kibei\n  \n  man during and immediately after World War II. Published in Japan in 1983, it was adapted into a popular Japanese television drama the following year. Alarmed by reports that the novel/TV show portrayed Japanese Americans as having split loyalties, Japanese American leaders succeeded in preventing the TV drama from being shown in the continental U.S. In 2007, the University of Hawai'i Press published an English language translation by V. Dixon Morris under the title\n  \n   Two Homelands\n  \n  .",
            "url_title": "Two Homelands (book)",
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
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                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Death – inevitable or tragedy",
                "Emptiness of attaining a false dream",
                "Evils of racism",
                "Family – blessing or curse",
                "Heroism – real and perceived",
                "Individual versus society",
                "Nationalism – complications",
                "Patriotism – positive side or complications",
                "Vulnerability of the strong"
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            },
            "title": "Tokyo Rose: Victim of Propaganda (film)",
            "description": "Television documentary for A&E network's \"Biography\" series that sympathetically tells the story of\n  \n   Iva Toguri d'Aquino\n  \n  and the myth of \"Tokyo Rose.\"",
            "url_title": "Tokyo Rose: Victim of Propaganda (film)",
            "categories": [
                "Arts"
            ],
            "rg_rgmediatype": [
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            ],
            "rg_interestlevel": [
                "Grades 9-12",
                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
                "Documentary"
            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Injustice",
                "Patriotism – positive side or complications",
                "Facing darkness",
                "Individual versus society"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
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            "rg_rgmediatype_label": "Films and Video",
            "rg_rgmediatype_icon": "fa-film"
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        {
            "id": "We the People: A Story of Internment in America (book)",
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            "links": {
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            "title": "We the People: A Story of Internment in America (book)",
            "description": "Memoir of Florin, California-based\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  educator and activist\n  \n   Mary Tsukamoto\n  \n  co-authored by Elizabeth Pinkerton and published in 1987 when Tsukamoto was seventy-two. Though the book covers her entire life, well over half of it focuses on her and her family's wartime confinement, their\n  \n   resettlement\n  \n  in the Midwest, and eventual return to California.",
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            "rg_interestlevel": [
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                "Adult"
            ],
            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Evils of racism",
                "Importance of community",
                "Overcoming – fear, weakness, vice",
                "Patriotism – positive side or complications",
                "Role of women"
            ],
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            "title": "When Justice Failed: The Fred Korematsu Story (book)",
            "description": "Biography for children of activist and exclusion challenger\n  \n   Fred Korematsu\n  \n  by journalist Steven A. Chin.",
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                "Arts"
            ],
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                "Convention and rebellion",
                "Heroism – real and perceived",
                "Injustice",
                "Patriotism – positive side or complications",
                "Power of the past"
            ],
            "rg_readinglevel": [
                "Grades 3-5"
            ],
            "rg_availability": [
                "Available"
            ],
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        },
        {
            "id": "An American Hero: Shiro Kashino (film)",
            "model": "article",
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            "title": "An American Hero: Shiro Kashino (film)",
            "description": "Short documentary film that uses animation and archival footage to tell the story of Shiro Kashino, a\n  \n   Nisei\n  \n  from Seattle who becomes a war hero as a member of the\n  \n   442nd Regimental Combat Team\n  \n  , but who loses his rank for his role in a fight in France.",
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                "Grades 9-12",
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        {
            "id": "Beyond Barbed Wire (film)",
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            "title": "Beyond Barbed Wire (film)",
            "description": "A 1997 documentary film on the Japanese American soldiers of the\n  \n   100th Infantry Battalion\n  \n  , the\n  \n   442nd Regimental Combat Team\n  \n  and the\n  \n   Military Intelligence Service\n  \n  who fought for the United States during World War II while some of their families were held in concentration camps. The film is based on interviews with numerous veterans as well as with their wives and adult children. Among topics touched on in\n  \n   Beyond Barbed Wire\n  \n  are friction between men from Hawai'i and the continental U.S. during basic training; the unusual story of Korean American Colonel Young O. Kim; the\n  \n   rescue of the Lost Battalion\n  \n  , and the continuing legacy of the veterans for their families. One unique aspect of the film is its treatment of the controversy over the role of Major General\n  \n   John Dahlquist\n  \n  , whom some veterans feel used the Nisei as \"cannon fodder.\" In telling the story of the mass incarceration, the filmmakers include scenes from the\n  \n   Japanese American National Museum\n  \n  and the Smithsonian Institution's\n  \n\n    A More Perfect Union: Japanese Americans and the U.S. Constitution\n   \n\n  . The film concludes with scenes from a reunion at the 50th anniversary of the war's end in Honolulu in 1995. The film is narrated by\n  \n   Noriyuki \"Pat\" Morita\n  \n  .",
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            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "War – glory, necessity, pain, tragedy",
                "Patriotism – positive side or complications",
                "Role of men",
                "Disillusionment and dreams"
            ],
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                "Available"
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            "id": "A Boy No More (book)",
            "model": "article",
            "index": "18 18/{'value': 47, 'relation': 'eq'}",
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            "title": "A Boy No More (book)",
            "description": "A 2004 young adult novel by Harry Mazer about Adam Pelko, who is torn between grieving his father, who died on the USS Arizona during the attack on Pearl Harbor on\n  \n   December 7, 1941\n  \n  , and his feelings of loyalty towards his Japanese American best friend, Devi, whose own father has been arrested and taken to the\n  \n   War Relocation Authority\n  \n  camp in\n  \n   Manzanar,\n  \n  California. When Devi asks Adam to help him find his father, Adam is faced with a moral conflict: should he risk both his own safety and his friendship in order to do what is right? He is also still deeply affected by the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the urge to scapegoat the Japanese Americans, despite his urge to help and defend his friend.",
            "url_title": "A Boy No More (book)",
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                "Arts"
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                "Grades 7-8",
                "Grades 9-12"
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            "rg_genre": [
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            ],
            "rg_theme": [
                "Coming of age",
                "Growing up – pain or pleasure",
                "Overcoming – fear, weakness, vice",
                "Patriotism – positive side or complications"
            ],
            "rg_readinglevel": [
                "Grades 7-8",
                "Grades 9-12"
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            "id": "Stories from America's Concentration Camps (film)",
            "model": "article",
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            "description": "Filmed presentation by  members of Nisei VFW Post 8985, based in Sacramento, on the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans. According to leader\n  \n   Kiyo Sato-Viacrucis\n  \n  , the group had been making such presentations for fourteen years to schools. Joining Sato-Viacrucis are members Kaoru \"Kirk\" Shibata, Robert Kashiwagi, H. Gary Shiota, Kinya Noguchi, Jim Tanaka, Yoshiro William Matsuhara. The group talk through the core story—\n  \n   Executive Order 9066\n  \n  and the roundup of Japanese Americans, life in the concentration camps, volunteering for the army from the camps, and the aftermath of the war, ending with the\n  \n   Civil Liberties Act of 1988\n  \n  —taking turns and often using photographs or other objects to tell the story. The group also tells the story of the formation of their group: how as Nisei veterans, they were not allowed to join existing Veterans of Foreign Affairs groups and thus had to form their own. The roughly 44-minute presentation is followed by a question and answer session from the adult audience.",
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            "title": "Case History (short story)",
            "description": "Short story about a young Nisei couple settling in \"Centreville,\" a fictional small town in California, after World War II. John and Mary Mori arrive and open a flower market in town. But despite John's military service and the couple's good deeds, the face anti-Japanese harassment before a series of events begin to turn the tide. Author Bradford Smith tells the story using fictitious newspaper articles, letters, and personal testimony.",
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            "id": "Imprisoned: The Betrayal of Japanese Americans during World War II (book)",
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            "title": "Imprisoned: The Betrayal of Japanese Americans during World War II (book)",
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            "id": "In America's Shadow (book)",
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            "id": "The Internment of Japanese Americans (Enslow Publishing) (book)",
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            "links": {
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            "description": "Overview work on the Japanese American wartime removal and incarceration for middle school audiences that is part of Enslow Publishers' \"Our Shared History\" series. It draws heavily from Kent's earlier\n  \n\n    The Tragic History of the Japanese-American Internment Camps\n   \n\n  (2008) and can be seen as a slightly updated version of the earlier book.",
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